“On the Theological Significance of Earthly Marriage and the Eternal Spiritual Union with God”
Part A
Marriage in Time and the Eternal Union with God
Recently, I have been reflecting on the temporality and theological significance of the marital covenant between two individuals in contrast with the permanence of our eternal union with God and the people of God in the age to come, what might be called “the eschatological heaven.” Specifically, I have been trying to make sense of Jesus’s teaching in response to the Sadducees’ question concerning marriage after the resurrection (Matthew 22:23–33; cf. Mark 12:18–27; Luke 20:27–40).
Based on Jesus’s response to the theological teachers, the Sadducees, it appears to me that Jesus assigns primacy to humans’ ultimate longing: the (eschatological) spiritual union with God in the time to come, as compared to the marital union between two individuals—a temporary bond. For Jesus, the spiritual union with God in the post-resurrection time is an eternal, unbreakable bond, and this relational fusion between humans and the divine carries more weight and exceeds in significance the earthly marriage itself—a temporary union between two individuals.
By inference, in Jesus’s teaching, the post-resurrection experience will inaugurate a new category of reality or change the nature of reality drastically. For example, the human marriage is set in sharp contrast to the spiritual union between humans and God, and that marriage will no longer be operative, but union will God will replace the reality of the earthly marriage since God will be the ultimate reality and fulfill all human needs, desires, and quests.
These observations raise important theological questions:
- Does Jesus’s teaching on the absence of marriage in the eschaton undermine the true meaning or significance of earthly marriage?
- Does this teaching challenge the elevated status often granted to married individuals in Christian communities over against single persons?
- Given the temporary nature of marriage, should the church reconsider the centrality it has historically placed upon marital status as a measure of spiritual maturity or social legitimacy?
- If spiritual union with God is the superior and ultimate bond, should marriage be viewed with appropriate humility as a provisional gift rather than a final spiritual destination?
- Since eternal life will be defined by direct union with God, should Christians invest greater effort in cultivating their connection with God in the present as preparation for that ultimate and everlasting communion?
Part B
Sex, Procreation, and Post-Resurrection Existence
Christian tradition has asserted that both sexual intimacy and procreation belong within the marital covenant, and that sexual activity outside of marriage falls outside divine intent , and correspondingly, the church has also taught that childbearing outside of marriage is a deviation of the divine will.
This question concerning the purpose of sex and biological reproduction invites a reconsideration of how certain sins are understood within the framework of the divine will and the resurrected life. If both sex and procreation will cease to function in the post-resurrection existence, then by implication, these two realities, when experienced outside the marital covenant, do not possess eternal consequences. The resurrection life introduces a transformed mode of existence—that is, a new and distinct form of reality—and a distinct eschatological dispensation within future human history, which reshapes how such matters should be evaluated. To put this succinctly, the post-resurrection experience will change the nature and temporality of sin, and how we should think about sin both theologically and ethically in the present.
Furthermore, based on Jesus’s reasoning in the above passages, since human beings will be like the angels in heaven in the post-resurrection existence suggests that marriage, sexual activity, and childbirth will no longer characterize human existence in the life to come.
In other words marriage, sex, and children should be regarded as temporary gifts for the present age, and they should not be elevated to the transcendent human (spiritual) connection with God. When all these realities pass away, God is, will be, and will always be.
This perspective invites further inquiry:
- How might we think more responsibly, practically, and meaningfully about the value of sex and procreation in the present, given their temporary and ephemeral nature?
- If post-resurrection life no longer includes the pleasures of sex, the social structure of marriage, or the joy of raising children, what will be the nature of human relationships and embodied interaction?
- If spiritual union with God surpasses all other forms of intimacy, how should Christians understand the relationship between physical desire and spiritual longing in this life?
***Although the body may desire sexual intimacy and the soul may long for spiritual intimacy with the divine, how can these two dimensions of human experience, the physical and the spiritual, be reconciled?
- What does humanity become in the absence of biological procreation in eternity?
- How should we imagine a future without childbirth—given the idea that humans will be like the angels in heaven and won’t be able to reproduce—especially since this has been a central source of social continuity, emotional fulfillment, and family identity?
- More broadly, how do we conceptualize eternal life without marriage, sexual intimacy, reproduction, and the physical mode of interpersonal bonding that shapes human experience today?
C. Partial Conclusion
The resurrected life will inaugurate a new mode of existence (“a new way of being in the world”) within the future world and will redefine what it means to be human within an entirely transformed reality and dispensation. Interestingly, within the Christian vision of the future world, the experience of resurrection life will exceed all present expectations and take humanity by surprise. This future world remains unknowable, and all forthcoming realities and human experiences will have to be encountered and understood only as they unfold.